Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties

The Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties are the burial grounds of emperors of the two dynasties; this extension added three Qing imperial tombs in Liaoning. The tombs are sited according to traditional geomantic ideas and reflect imperial ritual.

• Ming Tombs Beijing
  Thirteen Ming emperors who reigned after the capital moved to Beijing lie at the foot of Tianshou Mountain in Changping, sharing one Sacred Way; the underground palace of Dingling has been excavated.
• Zhongshan (Purple Mountain), Nanjing Jiangsu
  Xiaoling, tomb of the Ming founder Zhu Yuanzhang and Empress Ma, set the pattern for later Ming and Qing imperial tombs; six tombs of founding generals such as Xu Da and Chang Yuchun lie nearby.
• Shenyang Liaoning
  Zhaoling, or the North Tomb, burial place of Hong Taiji (Emperor Taizong of Qing), in Beiling Park north of central Shenyang.
• Xianling Tomb of the Ming Hubei
  In Zhongxiang, Hubei: the tomb the Jiajing Emperor built for his father, Prince Xingxian, later honored as an emperor; unusually, it has two burial mounds.
• Yongling Tomb of the Qing Liaoning
  In Xinbin, Liaoning, the Qing homeland: burial place of Nurhaci's ancestors, including his father, grandfather and great-grandfather.
• Eastern Qing Tombs Hebei
  In Zunhua, Hebei: five Qing emperors (Shunzhi, Kangxi, Qianlong, Xianfeng, Tongzhi) and many empresses and consorts, including Cixi; the largest surviving imperial tomb complex.
• Fuling Tomb of the Qing Liaoning
  Fuling, or the East Tomb, in the eastern outskirts of Shenyang: tomb of Nurhaci, founder of the Qing, and Empress Xiaoci.
• Western Qing Tombs Hebei
  In Yixian, Hebei: four Qing emperors (Yongzheng, Jiaqing, Daoguang, Guangxu); Yongzheng chose not to be buried beside his father at the Eastern Tombs and opened this new site.