Silk Roads: the Routes Network of Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor

Overview

About

Silk Roads: the Routes Network of Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor (丝绸之路：长安—天山廊道的路网) was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2014 as a cultural site.

Travel tips

Scope: the property is spread across Shaanxi, Henan, Gansu and Xinjiang in China, plus Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. Of the 33 components, 22 are in China (Shaanxi 7, Henan 4, Gansu 5, Xinjiang 6), and no single route covers them; visits are normally planned city by city.

Xi'an: the main components here include the Weiyang Palace site of Han Chang'an, the Daming Palace site of Tang Chang'an, Xingjiao Temple Pagoda, and the Big and Small Wild Goose Pagodas; the Dafosi Grottoes are at Binzhou near Xianyang and the tomb of Zhang Qian at Chenggu, Hanzhong. Xi'an Xianyang airport and Xi'an North station are the main gateways, and the city has a metro.

Luoyang: the Han-Wei city site and the Dingding Gate of the Sui-Tang city lie around the urban area; the Han Hangu Pass site is in Xin'an county, and the Shihao section of the Xiaohan ancient road is at Shanzhou, Sanmenxia. Luoyang Longmen station has high-speed trains, about one and a half to two hours from Xi'an.

Gansu: the cave temples of Maijishan (Tianshui), Bingling (Yongjing) and the Dafosi Grottoes (Binzhou, Shaanxi) are cave-temple components. Tianshui is about two hours from Xi'an by high-speed train; Bingling is reached by boat on the Liujiaxia reservoir, normally via Lanzhou.

Hexi Corridor: the Yumenguan Pass and Xuanquanzhi post station are near Dunhuang and the Suoyang city site is at Guazhou. They can be combined with a visit to the Mogao Caves.

Xinjiang: Gaochang and Jiaohe ancient cities are at Turpan, Kizil Grottoes at Baicheng in Aksu prefecture, the Kizilgaha beacon tower and Subashi Buddhist site around Kuqa, and Beiting ancient city at Jimsar. Distances are long, so a hired car or self-drive and several days are needed.

Time: Xi'an and Luoyang sites alone take three to five days; linking them with Gansu and Xinjiang takes at least two weeks.

Season: spring and autumn are mild across the northwest; Turpan is very hot in summer, while the Hexi Corridor and northern Xinjiang are cold in winter.

Why it was inscribed

The World Heritage Committee found that it meets criteria (ii), (iii), (v), (vi) of the ten selection criteria:

(ii) an important interchange of human values, over a span of time or within a cultural area, on developments in architecture or technology, monumental arts, town-planning or landscape design.

(iii) a unique or at least exceptional testimony to a cultural tradition or to a civilization which is living or which has disappeared.

(v) an outstanding example of a traditional human settlement, land-use or sea-use representative of a culture, or of human interaction with the environment, especially when it has become vulnerable to irreversible change.

(vi) directly or tangibly associated with events or living traditions, with ideas or beliefs, or with artistic and literary works of outstanding universal significance.

Description (UNESCO World Heritage Centre)

This property is a 5,000 km section of the extensive Silk Roads network, stretching from Chang’an/Luoyang, the central capital of China in the Han and Tang dynasties, to the Zhetysu region of Central Asia. It took shape between the 2nd century BC and 1st century AD and remained in use until the 16th century, linking multiple civilizations and facilitating far-reaching exchanges of activities in trade, religious beliefs, scientific knowledge, technological innovation, cultural practices and the arts. The thirty-three components included in the routes network include capital cities and palace co

Photo credits: Jiaohe ruins, Turpan, Silk Roads: Hiroooooo (CC BY-SA 3.0, Wikimedia Commons)

Dashed line: approximate route.

• Xi’an Shaanxi
• Luoyang Henan
• Maijishan Grottoes Gansu
• The Old City of Luoyang in Han and Wei Dynasties Henan
• Site of Qocho City Xinjiang
• Xingjiao Temple Pagoda Shaanxi
• Shihao Section of Xiaohan Ancient Route Henan
• Tomb of Zhang Qian Shaanxi
• Bingling Temple Gansu
• Suoyang City Gansu
• Site of Bashbaliq City Xinjiang
• Yarkhoto Xinjiang
• Subashi Temple Xinjiang
• Dafosi Grottoes Shaanxi
• Xuanquanzhi Gansu
• Hangu Pass Henan
• Giant Wild Goose Pagoda Shaanxi
• Kizil Caves Xinjiang
• Yumen Pass Gansu
• Kizilgaha Beacon Tower Xinjiang

Kyrgyzstan

• Suyab
• Navekat
• Balasagun

Kazakhstan

• Akyrtas
• Kulan
• Kayalyk
• Site of Ornek
• The Ancient Settlement Talhiz (Talgar)
• Kostobe
• Karamergen
• Aktobe (Stepninskoe) position not mapped